HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS | CHAPTER-I

During this period, the number system, arithmetic techniques, lookup tables, abacus, and other calculation devices were developed. Mathematics was used for trade, construction, and astronomical calculations.

Greek philosophers emphasized logical and rational explanations of natural events. Notable figures include Pythagoras, Plato, Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Euclid, and Ptolemy. Mathematics was viewed as fundamental in understanding the universe.

Pythagoras was an influential philosopher known for his contributions to mathematics and science. Plato, along with Socrates and Aristotle, laid the foundation for Western philosophy and science, inspired by Pythagoras' ideas.

Archimedes, a renowned mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor, made significant contributions to science and mathematics. Eratosthenes was a polymath involved in astronomy and music theory.

Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer known for his works describing an earth-centered solar system. Euclid, often called the father of geometry, wrote the standard textbook on geometry that was used for centuries.

Diophantus of Alexandria, considered the father of algebra, made significant contributions in algebraic notation. Apollonius of Perga, a Greek geometer and astronomer, is known for his work on conic sections, influencing modern mathematics.